Whether the organ can continue to function depends on how much of the organ is damaged and the number of cells within the organ that are damaged. But if too many cells die, the damage caused may not be compensated for very easily. In most cases these cells are replaced or the body adapts to function normally when this occurs. Deterministic Effects (Cell Death)Ĭells are dying all of the time in the body from physical, chemical and other causes (i.e. ![]() Radiation – Deterministic and Stochastic Effects A.1. Alternatively, if the DNA damage is repaired erroneously, it can result in an alteration of the genetic encoding leading to hereditary changes or cancer induction.Ĭhanges that result in cell death are termed “Deterministic Effects” while changes to the DNA encoding that lead to other adverse changes are termed “Stochastic Effects” (see Figure 1).įigure 1. If it is not, it can result in cell death. This can cause damage to the DNA most of which is readily repaired by the cell. Free radicals are chemically highly active and as such can have reactions with genetic molecules of the cell (i.e., the DNA). The major contributor to damage from radiation is through radiation changing a water molecule into a new form called a “free radical”. Tissue damage occurs through the change in chemical properties of molecules in the tissue following exposure to radiation. Ionizing radiation can cause tissue damage. This material aims to provide a brief overview of the risk associated with medical imaging examinations that involve ionizing radiation. The risk is increased with the amount of exposure, repeated exposures, and when the patient is young. Nonetheless, the prevailing scientific view is that there is a finite (though small) amount of risk involved with such exposures. The exposure amount in these exams is very small, to the extent that the health risk associated with such low levels of exposure is frequently debated in scientific meetings. ![]() Many medical imaging examinations involve exposure to ionizing radiation.
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